Zviratidzo zvevharuvhu yebhora zviratidzo zvemifananidzo zvinoshandiswa pasi rose mumifananidzo yeinjiniya, P&ID (Madhayagiramu eMapombi neZvishandiso), uye magwaro ehunyanzvi. Zviratidzo izvi zvakajairwa zvinopa ruzivo rwakaoma rwevharuvhu muchidimbu, zvichigonesa nyanzvi dzepasi rose kuziva nekududzira ipapo ipapovharuvhu yebhoramashandiro muhurongwa hwemvura.
Chii chinonzi Ball Valve?
Vharuvhu yebhora ivharuvhu inotenderera kwekota inoshandisa bhora risina chinhu, rinotenderera kudzora kuyerera kwemvura. Kana mubato kana actuator ikatenderedza bhora nemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe, bhora rinoenderana nepombi kuti ribvumire kuyerera kana kuti rakamira kuti rivharwe. Inozivikanwa nekusunga kwaro zvakasimba, kushanda nekukurumidza, uye kugara kwenguva refu, mavharuvhu ebhora anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.
Zviratidzo zveVharuvhu yeBhora muP&IDs
Mumadhayagiramu eP&ID, mavharuvhu ebhora anomiririrwa nemusanganiswa wezviratidzo zvepakutanga zvinoratidza mhando yazvo, nzira yekushanda, uye maitiro ekukundikana. Chiratidzo chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chinosanganisira denderedzwa rine mutsetse wakatsetseka kana denderedzwa diki mukati, rinomiririra bhora nenzira yaro yekuyerera. Zvimwe zvinogadzirisa zvinoratidza kana vharuvhu iri richishandiswa nemaoko, remagetsi, remhepo, kana kuti rine zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha.
Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
• Vharuvhu yeBhora Yakajairika: Denderedzwa rine mutsetse wakatsetseka nepakati paro.
• Vharuvhu yeBhora ine Mota: Chiratidzo chimwe chete chine chiratidzo che "M" kana chemagetsi.
• Vharuvhu yeBhora reSolenoid: Inowanzo ratidzwa nechiratidzo che electromagnetic actuator.
Zvinhu Zvikuru zveZviratidzo zveVharuvhu Yebhora
*(Zvichibva paISO/ANSI/ISA-S5.1 Standards)*
1. Chinhu chebhora rakatenderera
Chiratidzo chepakati idenderedzwa rinomiririra bhora rakatenderera revharuvhu. Chinhu ichi chinoratidza kana vharuvhu irigomba rakazara (gomba rakazara)kanabore rakaderedzwa (port yakaderedzwa)- zvakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwekudzora kuyerera kwemvura.
2. Miseve Yekutenderera
Miseve inoratidza kutenderera kwebhora:
↗: Kutenderera kwewachi = VharuvhuVhura
↖: Kutenderera kwewachi = VharuvhuYAVHARWA
*(Kutenderera kwe90° ndiko kwakajairika pamavharuvhu ebhora anotenderera kwekota)*
3. Zviratidzo zveInlet/Outlet Port
Mitsetse/miseve inoratidza nzira dzekuyerera:
– Kubatana kweT kwakamira = Kusangana kwepombi
– Miseve yakatwasuka = Nzira huru yekuyerera
– Zviratidzo zveTriangle = Nzvimbo dzekudzvanyirira
4. Zvimwe Zviratidzo Zvehunyanzvi
Mamwe mashoko anotsanangura:
- Kumanikidzwa kushanda (semuenzaniso, PN16, Kirasi 150)
– Kureba kwekupisa (°C/°F)
- Makodhi ezvinyorwa (SS304, CS, PTFE)
- Rudzi rweActuator (yemaoko, yepneumatic, yemagetsi)
Muenzaniso weChiratidzo cheVharuvhu yeBhora (Chirongwa cheRugwaro)
◯: Chinhu chebhora chine chiratidzo chekutenderera
↗↖Nzira dzekuyerera kwemvura (kurudyi) uye nzira yekubuda nayo (kuruboshwe)
*Cherechedza: Zviratidzo zveP&ID zvinosanganisira zviratidzo zvemavharuvhu (zvakavhurika/zvakavharwa/zvakavhurika zvishoma)*
Mazano ekuverenga maP&ID ane Zviratidzo zveBall Valve
• Gara uchitarisa ngano kana kiyi yechiratidzo chaiyo iri padhayagiramu.
• Cherechedza nzira yekushandiswa kwechinhu uye nzvimbo yekukundikana.
• Tarisa gwara rekuyerera kwemvura uye nhamba dzevharuvhu.
• Tarisa pamwe chete nemagwaro evharuvhu uye zvirevo.
Nei Zviratidzo Zvichikosha MuUinjiniya
- ISO 14617 / ANSI/ISA-S5.1simbisai kuti pasi rose rinowirirana
- Kune misiyano yakasiyana-siyana muindasitiri (mafuta/gasi vs. mishonga)
- Inoderedza zvikanganiso zvekuisa ne68% (ongororo yeASME 2023)
- Zvakakosha kuti pave nekutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedzwa munzvimbo dzine njodzi
Zano reNyanzvi:Gara uchitarisa ngano dzepurojekiti - zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana pakati peISO, DIN, uye ASME standards.
Yakagadzirirwa Mainjiniya neMatekiniki
Gwaro iri rechiratidzo chevharuvhu yebhora rinokubatsira:
✅ Sarudza madhayagiramu eP&ID nekukurumidza
✅ Tsvaga mhando dzemavharuvhu nekukurumidza (bhora vs. mavharuvhu egedhi/globe)
✅ Dzivisa kutsanangurwa kusina kunaka kunodhura
✅ Tevedzera zvinodiwa nemagwaro eISO 9001
*Kuti uwane kururama, tarisa zvinyorwa zvitsva zve:*
- ISA-S5.1 Zviratidzo zveZvishandiso
- ISO 10628 P&ID Standards
- ASME Y32.2.3 Valve Notation
> Yeuka:Zviratidzo zvevharuvhu yebhora ndiwo mutauro wepasi rose wemasisitimu ekudzora mvura. Kuzvigona kunoita kuti pave nekuchengetedzeka uye kunyatsoshanda zvakanaka mumabasa ese einjiniya.
Mavharuvhu eBhora vs. Mamwe Marudzi eVaruvhu
Kunyange zvazvo mavharuvhu ebhora achishandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakakosha kuasiyanisa nemamwe mavharuvhu akajairika:
• Mavharuvhu eGedhi:Inoshandiswa pakushanda nekudzima mumasisitimu ane pressure yakakwira asi inononoka kushanda.
• Mavharuvhu eGlobe:Zviri nani pakudzora kuyerera kwemvura uye kudzora kuyerera kwemvura.
• Mavharuvhu eBhatafurayi:Yakabatana uye inodhura zvishoma pamapombi makuru asi haishande zvakanyanya kana yakavharwa zvine simba guru.
• Mavharuvhu Ekutarisa:Rega kuyerera kwemvura kuendere kune rimwe divi chete.
Mavharuvhu ebhora anopa chisimbiso chepamusoro uye kushanda nekukurumidza zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemagetsi akawanda.
Ruzivo rwakawedzerwa: Zviratidzo zvemamwe mavharuvhu
Muenzaniso wakareruka weimwe muenzaniso unoteverazviratidzo zvevharuvhu(muchimiro chechinyorwa):
Mhedziso
Zviratidzo zvevharuvhu yebhoramutauro unoshandiswa nevanhu vose mukunyora magwaro einjiniya. Kushandiswa nemazvo kunotsigira kujeka kwesystem, kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda kwayo, uye kugona kwayo kugadzirisa. Ungave uchisarudza, kuisa, kana kuchengetedzamavharuvhu ebhora, kunzwisisa zviratidzo izvi kwakakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-18-2024