Chii chinonzi Pressure Relief Valve?
Vharuvhu Yokusunungura Kumanikidzwa (PRV) mudziyo wekuchengetedza otomatiki wakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza masisitimu akavharirwa, michina, nemapaipi kubva mukukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Une maspiringi akagadziriswa uye zvinhu zvinodzora hydraulic. Kana kumanikidzwa kwesisitimu kwasvika pamuganho wevharuvhu wakatotarwa, vharuvhu inoshanda kuti ibudise kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Vharuvhu Yokusunungura Kumanikidzwa Inoshanda Sei?
Kana kumanikidzwa kwemhepo pasi pedhisiki revharuvhu kunopfuura simba rekumanikidza rechitubu, dhisiki rinosimuka. Parinovhurwa, mhepo inobuda inoshanda parin'i yedhisiki kuburikidza nesimba rekuita reringi repasi, zvichiita kuti ivhurike nekukurumidza. Sezvo dhisiki richikwira zvakanyanya, mhepo inorova rin'i repamusoro rekugadzirisa, ichidzosera kuyerera kwayo pasi. Kusundidzira kwemhepo kunobuda kunosundidzira dhisiki kumusoro, ichichengetedza kukwirira kwakakwana kwekusimudza mukati menzvimbo yakatarwa yekumanikidza. Sezvo maburi ekumanikidza, kumanikidzwa kwesystem kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Simba rechitubu rinokunda kumanikidzwa kwemhepo uye kusundidzira kwemhepo, richivhara vharuvhu zvakachengeteka.
Basa reVharuvhu Rekununura: Chinangwa Chikuru & Kukosha
Basa guru rePressure Relief Valve (inowanzonzi Safety Valve) nderekudzivirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kuchengetedza kusimba kwemidziyo. Nekudzora kumanikidzwa kwacho, maPRV anoburitsa mvura kana kumanikidzwa kwacho kwasvika, achichengetedza kumanikidzwa kushanda mukati memiganhu yakachengeteka. Izvi zvinoita kuti michina ishande zvakanaka, zvinodzivirira kukundikana nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye zvinoderedza kubuda kwemvura kana kukanganiswa kwekushanda kwemidziyo.
Kukosha Kwakakosha Kwemavharuvhu Ekuderedza Kumanikidzwa
MaPRV anoita basa rinokosha mumaindasitiri. Pasina iwo, kuwedzera kwedzvinyiriro mumagetsi ane simba guru kunogona kukonzera kuputika kwemapombi, kuparadzwa kwemidziyo, uye njodzi huru dzekuchengetedza. Kukundikana kwakadaro kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kukuru kwemari uye njodzi dzisingagoni kuverengerwa dzekuchengetedza. Saka, kusarudza maPRV nemazvo, kuongororwa nguva dzose, kugadziriswa, uye kutsiva mayuniti asina kunaka nenguva kwakakosha.
Vharuvhu Yokununura Kumanikidzwa Kwekuchengetedza: Mashoko & Kureba
Kazhinji, "Safety Valve" inosanganisira mavharuvhu ekurerutsira kumanikidzwa. Zvisinei, tsananguro dzemitemo dzinotaura kuti mavharuvhu akaiswa zvakananga pamabhoyira esteam kana midziyo yekumanikidza yeClass I - inoda chitupa chemuviri wemutemo - anonzi mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza. Mamwe anowanzo tsanangurwa seMavharuvhu eRelief kana mavharuvhu ePressure Relief.
Valve Yekuchengetedza vs. Valve Yekusunungura Kumanikidzwa: Musiyano Mukuru
Kunyangwe zvakafanana pamagadzirirwo uye mashandiro (ose ari maviri anoburitsa media otomatiki kana adarika kumanikidzwa kwakatemwa), maSafety Valve nemaPressure Relief Valve akasiyana zvichienderana neASME Boiler nePressure Vessel Code, Chikamu I:
Vharuvhu Yekuchengetedza: Vharuvhu inomanikidzwa nedzvinyiriro ine chiito che "pop" (kukurumidza kuvhura zvizere). Inonyanya kushandiswa pabasa remagasi kana utsi.
Vharuvhu Yokununura (Vharuvhu Yokusunungura Kumanikidzwa): Vharuvhu inovhurika zvinoenderana nekumanikidzwa kana kumanikidzwa kwapfuura nzvimbo yakatarwa. Inonyanya kushandiswa pabasa remvura (mvura).
Pasinei netsanangudzo idzi, kuvhiringidzika kuchiripo nekuda kwekushanda pamwe chete uye kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa, izvo zvinowanzokonzera matambudziko ekushanda.
Nheyo dzeSarudzo yeValve yeKusunungura Kumanikidzwa
Kusarudza rudzi rwevharuvhu rakakodzera kwakakosha pakuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka:
1. Maboira eSteam:Kazhinji shandisa mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza akavhurika, akazara, ane chitubu.
2. Basa reMushonga weLiquid:Kazhinji zvinoda mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza ane chitubu chakaderera (Relief Valves).
3. Basa reMhepo/Gasi:Shandisa mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidzwa akavharika, akazara, ane chitubu.
4. Matangi eLPG (Mugwagwa/Njanji):Inoda Mavharuvhu Ekubvisa Kumanikidzwa Akazara, Akaiswa Mukati.
5. Nzvimbo dzekutengesa mafuta:Kazhinji zvinoda mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidzwa anoshandiswa nepilot.
6. Nzira yekufambisa simba remagetsi nemhepo ine simba guru:Shandisa mavharuvhu anofambiswa nePilot ane mabasa ekuchengetedza pamwe chete uye ekudzora.
7. Zvinodiwa Pakuongororwa Nguva Dzose:Mavharuvhu anoda kuyedzwa nemaoko anoda lever (mudziyo wekusimudza). Izvi zvinobvumira kusimudza zvishoma pa ≥75% seti yekumanikidza kuti ione kushanda kwayo.
8. Basa rekupisa kwakanyanya (>300°C yemavharuvhu akavharwa, >350°C yemavharuvhu akavhurika):Unofanira kushandisa mavharuvhu ane Heat Sinks/Cooling Fins.
Mitemo yeValve Yekuchengetedza: Magadzirirwo Epasi Pose
Mitemo mikuru yekutonga inosanganisira:
JB/T 2203-1999 (China – General):
Mwero wemumba wakajairika wehukuru hwevharuvhu yekuchengetedza yechitubu. Pane zvipingamupinyi (zvakanyanya DN200 yekusimudza zvizere, DN100 yekusimudza zvishoma, DN65/DN125 isipo). Maitiro eindasitiri anowanzo pfuura miganhu yehukuru (kusvika kuDN250 yekusimudza zvishoma, DN400 yekusimudza zvizere). Zviyero zveflange zvisingaenderane (semuenzaniso, DN150 variants) zvinoda kugadziriswa kwemaitiro kuti zvigone kuchinjaniswa.
API 526 (US – Mavharuvhu Akaputirwa):
Standard yemidziyo yemakemikari/petrochem inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Inofukidza DN25-DN200 (1″-8″), 2-42MPa, saizi dzehuro DT (9.5-146mm). Inotsanangura zvesainzi magadzirirwo nehukuru hwehuro. Inowanikwa muChina kuburikidza nekutengeserana/nzvimbo yemidziyo. Haisati yava standard yenyika yeChina.
Mavharuvhu Anoshandiswa Nemutyairi Wendege (Anderson Greenwood Model):
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakushandisa simba rakawanda, musiyano wekushanda wakaderera, kudonha kwemvura kunenge kusingaite, uye kusanzwa kumanikidzwa kwemusana (semuenzaniso, mapaipi egasi rechisikigo). Haina mitemo yakatsaurirwa yeChina; vagadziri vazhinji vanotevedzera magadzirirwo eAnderson Greenwood. Kudiwa kukuru kwemitemo yemumba (semuenzaniso, neHF General Machinery Research Institute).
HT Series (Aerospace Research Institute 11th - China):
Sisitimu yakasiyana inosanganisira HTO (standard), HTB (balanced bellows), HTR (venting), HTN (special), HTGS (high-perf steam), HTXY (liquid), HTXD (pilot-operated). HTXD inogovana saizi neAnderson Greenwood; dzimwe dzakasiyana neAPI/JB standards. Zvakakosha kuti uone kuti inoenderana panguva yekusarudza.
Mhedziso
Mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidzwa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza zvinodzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo uye kuona kuti sisitimu yagadzikana nekudzora kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Basa rawo rakakosha mukushanda kwemaindasitiri rinokanganisa zvakananga kugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye mhedzisiro yekuchengetedzeka. Masangano anofanirwa kukoshesa kusarudzwa kwePRV kwakakodzera, kuiswa kwakarurama, hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hwakasimba, uye kutsiva nekukurumidza kuitira kuti sisitimu ishande zvakanaka, yakachengeteka, uye inoshanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-29-2025