Kunzwisisa Nheyo dzeChigaro cheVharuvhu yeBhora
Mavharuvhu ebhorazvishandiso zvakakosha zvekudzora mvura zvakagadzirwa kuvhura kana kuvhara nzira dzemvura mukati memapaipi. Basa rayo guru rinoenderana nebhora rinotenderera rine bhore. Torque inoshandiswa nepaburi (kazhinji kutenderera kwemadhigirii 90) inofambisa kutenderera uku kuti iwane kuyerera kana kudzima. Zvisinei, kushanda kwekuvhara kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwechigaro chevharuvhu.
Magadzirirwo ezvigaro anonyanya kuwira muzvikamu zviviri zvichibva pakufamba kwebhora:
1. Chigaro Chisina Kugadzika Chine Bhora Rinoyangarara:Kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunobvisa bhora pasi, richirimanikidza zvakasimba pachigaro chiri pasi, zvichiita kuti rive nechisimbiso chinoenda kune rimwe divi.
2. Chigaro Chinoyangarara Nebhora Rakagadzika:Bhora rinoramba rakamira. Kumanikidzwa kwekuvhara kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwezvitubu kana mvura inosundidzira chigaro (zvigaro) pabhora kuti pave nekumanikidzwa kwakakodzera kwekuvharwa kwebhora.
Zvigaro zveVharuvhu yeBhora reChigaro Chinyoro
Zvigaro zvakapfava zvinoshandisa zvinhu zve elastomeric kana polymeric kuti zvivharwe zvakasimba, zvichipa kuvharwa kwakanaka asi zvine mwero wekupisa/kumanikidzwa zvichienzaniswa nesimbi.
1. Rudzi Rwakajairika
Zvigaro zvakapfava zvakajairika (Mufananidzo 1) zvinovhara kuburikidza nekushanduka kwechinhu chechigaro ne elastoplastic kana zvadzvanywa pabhora nekudzvanywa kwekutanga kana mvura. Kuvhara zvinobudirira zvinoenderana nekukwanisa kwechinhu chechigaro kutsiva kutsauka kwebhora rakatenderera uye kusarongeka kwepamusoro kana paine kudzvanywa. Kuchengetedza kudzvanywa kwakakwana pakati pechigaro nebhora kwakakosha.
2. Rudzi rweElastic
Zvigaro zvinopfava (Mufananidzo 2) zvine zvinhu zvinochinjika zvakaita semakeji esimbi kana macoil springs. Zvinhu izvi zvinobvumira chigaro kuti chikanganise kupfava pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekutanga kana kwemvura. Dhizaini iyi inotsiva zvinobudirira kuvharwa kwekuvharwa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha, kuchinja kwekumanikidzwa, uye kupfeka.
(a) Rudzi rweBevel Rimwe Chete
(b) Rudzi rweMitsetse Miviri Yemabhenefiti Maviri
(c) Rudzi rweV-Line Yekuzvivhara
(d) Rudzi Rwakakosha
3. Rudzi Rwakaunganidzwa Muchirimo
Nheyo huru (Mufananidzo 3) inosanganisira kugovera seti yemaspring ekudzvanya zvakaenzana kutenderedza chiteshi chevharuvhu, kana kushandisa chitubu chimwe chete chedhisiki. Kurongeka uku kunopa kusundidzira kunoramba kuripo, zvichiita kuti chigaro chirambe chichimanikidzwa nguva dzose pabhora kuti chisimbiswe zvakanaka.
(a) Rudzi rweChitubu chekudzvanya
(b) Rudzi rweDisiki Spring
4. Chigaro chePiston
Zvigaro zvepiston (Mufananidzo 4) zvinoshandisa kumanikidzwa kwepakati kwemuchina wekupinda kuti zvigadzire simba rekuvharira. Kumanikidzwa uku kunosundira chigaro chakaita sepiston pabhora, zvichiita kuti chigadziko chepiston chive chakaita se elastoplastic mu sealing ring chivharire zvakasimba.
(a) Chigaro cheBlock & Bleed (Block Double uye Bleed – DBB):Iine dhizaini yakasarudzika yekuchengetedza. Kana kumanikidzwa kwemugodhi kwakapfuura kumanikidzwa kwemugodhi, simba rekunze rinokunda kudzvinyirirwa kwechitubu, richiparadzanisa chigaro nebhora. Izvi zvinobvumira kudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanya mugodhi kuti kuburitse mvura pasi. Zvitubu zvinozoisa vharuvhu zvakare kana kudzvinyirirwa kwacho kwaenzana.
(b) Chigaro Chekufamba Nevanhu Vaviri:Inoshanda kana kumanikidzwa kwegomba kuchipfuura kumanikidzwa kwekubuda. Simba rekumanikidza rechigaro rinokonzera kushanduka kwe elastoplastic mu seal ring. Dhizaini iyi inopa muripo we otomatiki; kana seal yekumusoro ikakundikana, chigaro chekumucheto chinobatirira ipapo ipapo.
(c) Chigaro Chekuvharira Chine Matanho Maviri:Yakagadzirwa kuti ikwanise kuvhara zvinhu zvakawanda. Inobatanidza rabha (primary sealing) nepurasitiki (support and secondary sealing) muchimiro chakabatana kuti ive yakavimbika uye igare kwenguva refu.
5. Zvigaro zveChimiro Chakakosha
Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana akagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo:
(a) Chigaro Chinogadziriswa Mukati/Kunze
(b) Chigaro cheBellows
(c) Chigaro cheGrisi
(d) Chigaro Chinoshanda Kaviri
(e) Chigaro Chinosanganiswa
• Chigaro Chinogadziriswa Nemukati:Inoshandisa nati yekugadzirisa yemukati kudzora kumanikidzwa kwakanangana pakati pechigaro nebhora, zvichiita kuti pasave nenzvimbo dzekubuditsa mvura dzekunze.
• Chigaro Chinogadziriswa Kunze:Inoshandisa chivharo chekunze che screw kuti idzvanye wedge, ichibvisa sleeve ye telescoping kuti igadzirise kumanikidzwa kwakanangana nekuvharwa kwechigaro nebhora.
• Chigaro cheBellows:Kazhinji inosungirirwa (electron beam kana TIG) pachigaro nepachifukidziro. Dhizaini inofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yekuvharira chigaro idiki pane dhayamita yepakati pebellows. Inopa chisimbiso chakavimbika, nzvimbo yakakura yekuchinjika, uye kushanduka kwe3D.
• Chigaro cheJekiseni reGirisi:Chinangwa chayo ndechekuwedzera kuvharwa kwechigaro, kuderedza kukweshana/kupfekwa, kuwedzera nguva yekushanda, uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwezvigaro/zviitiko zvemoto. Ine nzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta.Cherechedza: Kuisa mafuta mujekiseni kunonyanya kubatsira uye hakushandiswi nevanhu vose.
Chigaro Chinoshanda Kaviri: Kana chamber 'N' yawana simba rekudzora, chigaro chinodzvanya bhora kuti rivharwe. Kana chamber 'M' yawana simba uye maburi e'N' akabuda, chigaro chinodzokera shure, zvichiita kuti chisabatane, chisaparare, chikweshe, uye chishande zvakanaka. Chakanakira mavharuvhu ebhora ane simba repamusoro/pakati, ane dhayamita hombe.
• Chigaro Chinosanganiswa:Inobatanidza chigaro chakabatanidzwa nechitubu (chisimbiso chikuru) nechigaro chemhando yepiston (chinopa chisimbiso chekubatsira kana paine kudzvanywa kwekudzora).
Zvigaro zveMavharuvhu eSimbi
Zvigaro zveMavharuvhu eSimbi yeSimbi zvinoshandisa simbi kana zvinhu zvakasanganiswa kuti zvidzivirire kupisa kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa, kukwesha, uye ngura, kazhinji zvine mwero wepamusoro wekubuda kwemvura kupfuura zvivharo zvakapfava asi zvakakosha kuti zvishandiswe zvakanyanya.
1. Chigaro cheSimbi Yekutanga
Inogadzirwa nekuisa jira resimbi (semuenzaniso, Stellite, Tungsten Carbide) pamusoro pesimbi kuburikidza nekusveta (Mufananidzo 6). Inosanganisira chigaro chemuswe chinopfava kuti ideredze kukweshana nekukuvadzwa pazviso zvinovhara panguva yekushanda.
2. Chigaro cheChisimbiso cheMaturikidzana Akawanda
Yakagadzirwa nekuisa machira esimbi isingatsvinda uye machira matete egirafiti, wozoapeta uchiagadzirisa (Mufananidzo 7). Chimiro ichi chinoshamisa chinoita kuti pave nekushanda kwakanaka kana tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
3. Chigaro cheChisimbiso cheTube chine Hollow
Ine mabushing emukati nekunze ane simbi isina ngura (Mufananidzo 8). Kuvhara kunoenderana nesimba rinobuda kubva pakupatsanurwa kwechubhu ine hollow kuti chigaro chisimbiswe zvakasimba pabhora.
4. Chigaro Chinotenderera
Dhizaini yakasiyana (Mufananidzo 9) apo chigaro chinotenderera chakatenderedza chiteshi panguva yekushanda kwevharuvhu. Mazino akakamurwa zvakaenzana akatenderedza chigaro anoita kuti chigaro chitenderere zvishoma nezvishoma (nezino rimwe chete) pese painovhara bhora. Izvi zvinoita kuti chikwanise kupfeka zvakaringana, zvichiita kuti chishande zvakanaka uye chiwedzere hupenyu hwebasa.
KutsoropodzaZvigaro zveValve
Zvinhu Zvakakosha zvePolymer
Inopa chisimbiso chakanaka, kukweshana kushoma, uye kuramba makemikari mukati memiganhu yakatarwa yekupisa/kumanikidzwa.
• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene – F4):Inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kupisa/kutonhora zvakanyanya (-250°C kusvika +260°C), haibati, haina kukweshana kwakaderera (μ~0.05), uye ine makemikari asina simba (inodzivirira maasidhi akasimba, alkalis, oxidizers). Inopa ~5MPa mutoro.
• PCTFE (Polychlorotrifluoroethylene – F3):Inopa simba rakasimba, kuomarara, kugadzikana kwezvikamu, haina kutonhora. Kupisa: -195°C kusvika +120°C. Inodzivirira ma inorganic acids anopisa, solutions/oxidizers emunyu unotonhora, uye akawanda ma organics paRT.
• FEP (Perfluoro(ethylenepropylene) – F46):Inosanganisa tembiricha yakakura (-85°C kusvika +205°C) nekugadzikana kwemakemikari kwakafanana nePTFE (kunodzivirira maasidhi, alkalis, alcohols, ketones). Kuwanda kuri pakati nepakati, kufambisa kwekupisa, uye kuwedzera.
• Polyamide (Nylon 1010 – N1010):Simba guru rekudhonza, kusimba kwekurova, kuramba kukwesha, uye kuzvizora paRT. Kukweshana kwakaderera (μ~0.03), kuwanda ~1.5g/cm³. Kunodzivirira maasidhi/alkali asina simba, zvinonyungudutsa, uye mafuta.
• PPL (Para Poly Phenylene):Inobudirira zvikuru mukudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba ngura yemakemikari, kuzvizora. Kuwanda ~2g/cm³, kuwedzera ~5.1×10⁻⁵/°C, kuomarara ~80HS. Inodzivirira sulfuric acid, HF, alkalis yakasimba. Inodzivirira mwaranzi zvakanyanya, kukweshana μ~0.13.
• TARISA (Polyetheretherketone):Inosanganisa kugadzikana kwekupisa/chem kwakaita sethermoset uye kugona kwayo kushandiswa nethermoplastic. Inoshandiswa nguva dzose >240°C (inosvika >300°C yakazara negirazi). Inodzivirira solvents dzakawanda dzisingasanganisike uye inodzivirira kupisa kwenguva refu (200-260°C).
• PI (Polyimide):Plastiki yepamusoro inodziya zvakanyanya yekushandisa mhepo kwenguva refu (-240°C kusvika +260°C). Inodzivira zvakanaka magetsi, haiparare, haipindi mwaranzi, uye ine hunhu hwemakanika. Inodzivirira maasidhi/zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mumuviri paRT. Dzivisa zvinopisa zvine simba/asidi uye inonyudzwa mumvura kwenguva refu.
Zvishandiso zveSimbi
Yakasarudzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara: kuomarara kwakanyanya, kusiyana kwakakodzera kwekuomarara pakati pezviso, kuwedzera kuramba kupfeka kuburikidza nekuomesa pamusoro.
• Masimbi Akaoma Anobva kuChromium (semuenzaniso, Stellite)
• Masimbi Akaoma Anobva kuCobalt (semuenzaniso, Tribaloy)
• Nickel Alloys (semuenzaniso, Inconel, Hastelloy)
• Tungsten Carbide (WC)
• Simbi Dzisina Kusimba (semuenzaniso, 316, 17-4PH, 440C - dzinowanzooma) (Ona Tafura 1 kuti uenzanise)
Mhedziso: Pfungwa Huru Pamusoro Pezvigaro zveVharuvhu Yebhora & Zvisimbiso
• Mhete Yechisimbiso:Inofanira kuratidza kugadzikana kwakanyanya, kukweshana kwakaderera, kuramba kukwegura kwakanaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekuvhara.
• Chigaro cheVharuvhu:Inoda simba rakakwana uye kuomarara. Dhizaini yekubvisa zvinhu zvakakosha kuti chimiro chayo chirambe chakasimba kana yamanikidzwa. Inofanira kuramba kuchinjika.
• Zvigaro zveSimbi:Inofanira kuita basa rakanaka munzvimbo dzakaoma: tembiricha yakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwakakwira, ngura yakasimba, mamiriro ekunze anopisa. Zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvinosanganisira kudonha kwemvura kunenge kusingasvike zero, kugara kwenguva refu, chitupa chekuchengetedza moto (fire satifiketi)API 607/6FA), uye kuramba kudzvanywa/kubviswa kweganda zvakanaka.
Ongorora PremiumVharuvhu yeBhoraMhinduro Dzakagadzirirwa Zvishandiso Zvako Zvakanyanya Kuoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-12-2025