Mabhora eVharuvhu: Chinhu Chakanyatsojeka Chekushanda kweVharuvhu yeVharuvhu

Chii Chinonzi Mabhora Evharuvhu?

Chikamu chikuru chevharuvhu yebhorandiyo bhora revharuvhu (kana kuti bhora revharuvhu). Dhizaini yaro inosarudza zvakananga mashandiro evharuvhu, kugona kwayo kudzora kuyerera, uye hupenyu hwebasa.

Chimiro & Kunyatsorongeka:

Mabhora akajairwa ane magadzirirwo e-full-bore kana-reduced-bore. Bhora re-full-bore rine dhayamita ye-bore inoenderana nedhayamita yemukati mepaipi (semuenzaniso, bhora re-2 Inch rine bhore re-2 Inch), zvichiita kuti rirambe kuyerera zvakanaka. Kunyatsoshanda kwemuchina kunofanirwa kusvika padanho reIT6-IT7 (pamwe chete neISO 286), nekuomarara kwepamusoro ≤0.8μm (Ra) kuderedza kupfeka uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushanda zvakanaka.

Basa reMabhora eVharuvhu

Mabhora emavharuvhu ndiwo chinhu chikuru chinovhara uye chinodzora kuyerera kwemvura mukati mevharuvhu yemabhora. Kutenderera bhora nemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe kunovhura kana kuvhara nzira yekuyerera kwemvura. Kunyatsojeka kwemvura pamusoro payo uye kusimba kwayo zvinhu zvakakosha pakudzikamisa kuyerera kwemvura uye kudzora kuyerera kwemvura.

Zvinhu zveVharuvhu

Simbi Isina Kushanda (304/316):

Inopa simba rekudzivirira ngura, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emakemikari, petrochemical, uye kugadzira chikafu.

Simbi yeCarbon ine Nickel Plating:

Mhinduro isingadhuri inopa dziviriro iri pakati nepakati yengura, inowanzoshandiswa mumichina yemvura ine simba shoma.

Ceramic (semuenzaniso, Alumina, Zirconia):

Inodzivisa kukweshwa, ngura, uye tembiricha yepamusoro (kusvika 1200°C), asi inoratidza kuputsika kwakanyanya (kureva "Mabhuku Ekugadzira Mavharuvhu"). Yakanakira masevhisi ekutsvedza kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yepamusoro.

Mhando dzeMabhora eValve

Bhora reO-Port:

Bhora rakatenderera rine bhora rakaita sedenderedzwa, rinoshandiswa mumavharuvhu mazhinji ebhora anoyangarara uye ane trunnion.

Bhora reV-Port:

Iine notch yakaita seV mubhore, zvichiita kuti kuyerera kwemvura kudzorwe nemazvo (zvinoratidzwa nechiyero chakaenzana chehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera), inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumavharuvhu ebhora eV-port.

Bhora reC-Port:

Bore rakaita se "C", rinonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa ma "multi-port" akasiyana.

Bhora reU-Port:

Chibooreso chakaita se "U", chinoshandiswa mumavharuvhu ane mapoinzi akawanda pazvinodiwa zvekudzora kuyerera kwemvura.

Bhora Rinoyangarara:

Bhora harina kunamirwa pahunde uye rinoshandisa simba rekudzvanya riri pasi kuti rimanikidzwe nechigaro kuti rivharwe. Rinowanzoonekwa muhukuru hudiki.

Bhora Rakaiswa (Rakagadzika) reTrunnion:

Bhora rinotsigirwa nemabheringi etrunnion kumusoro nepazasi, zvichideredza simba rekushanda uye mutoro wechigaro, kunyanya zvakakosha mukushandiswa kwesimba rakakwirira uye dhayamita hombe.

Mabhora Enzira Nhatu:

Bhora reT-Port:

Inotungamira kuyerera pakati pemachiteshi maviri kana kuti inogona kudzima kuyerera kwese.

Bhora reL-Port:

Inobatanidza chiteshi chepakati kune chero chezviteshi zviviri zvepadivi asi kwete zvese zvitatu panguva imwe chete.

Chinyorwa Chinokosha: Mabhora Akasimba vs. Maburi Asina Chinhu

Vamwe vagadziri, kunyanya muChina, vanogadzira mabhora emavharuvhu asina chinhu senzira yekuchengetedza mari.

Mabhora asina chinhu ane mwero wakaderera zvakanyanya nekuda kwemukati mawo uye haaenderane nezvinodiwa zvemagadzirirwo eAPI 6D (Mavharuvhu eMapaipi).

Vashandi vekutenga nekuongorora vanofanira kuvimbisa pachena nemugadziri kana mabhora emavharuvhu akapihwa akaomarara kana kuti asina chinhu. Kushandisa mabhora asina chinhu mukushandiswa kwekumanikidza kune njodzi huru yekuchengetedza.

Kugadzira Mabhora eVharuvhu uye Kurapa Pamusoro

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bhora revharuvhu rakaoma, kuwedzera nguva yebasa revharuvhu, uye kuwedzera kuramba kupfeka, kurapwa kwepamusoro (machira) kunowanzo shandiswa:

Kugadzirisa:

Matekiniki akaita seStellite overlay (semuenzaniso, Stellite 6, 21), NiCrBSi alloys (semuenzaniso, Ni60), kana Tungsten Carbide (WC) coatings anowedzera kuomarara kwenzvimbo uye kuramba kukwesha.

MaAlloys Ane Chrome Yakawanda:

Mapendi akaita se13Cr anopa simba rekudzivirira ngura nekukura kwevhu.

Kukuya nekurovera nemazvo (post-coating kana ikashandiswa) zvakakosha kuti pave nekupera kwenzvimbo (Ra ≤0.8μm) uye sphericity kuti pave nekuvhara kwakakodzera.

Kudyidzana kweVharuvhu neZvimwe Zvikamu (Zvigaro zveVharuvhu)

Kushanda kwevharuvhu yebhora kunoenderana nekubatana kwakanyatsoitwa pakati pevharuvhu, zvigaro, uye hunde.

Mabhora eVharuvhu uye Masisitimu eKuvhara Chigaro

Zvigaro Zvakapfava (PTFE/Elastomers senge NBR, EPDM):

Inowana mwero wakaderera wekubuda kwemvura (≤10⁻⁶ m³/s, ISO 5208 Kirasi A).

Tembiricha shoma (kazhinji ≤200°C).

Yakanakira kuvharwa zvakasimba mumasevhisi akachena.

Zvigaro zveSimbi (semuenzaniso, Stellite, 316SS, Hardfaced):

Yakakodzera tembiricha yepamusoro (kusvika 540°C+) uye mabasa ekukwesha/kuparadza.

Mwero wekutanga wekubuda kwemvura wakakwira kupfuura zvigaro zvakapfava asi unogona kuita kuti pave nekubuda kwemvura kushoma (Kirasi B/C/D) mushure mekumonera bhora nemazvo uye chigaro kusvika chapera zvakanaka kwazvo (Ra ≤0.4μm).

Zvakakosha pakushandisa zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi moto.

Mabhora eVharuvhu ari muFloating vs. Trunnion Mounted Ball Valves

Nzira yekutsigira bhora inotsanangura marudzi maviri makuru evharuvhu:

Mavharuvhu Ebhora Anoyangarara (Kazhinji ≤DN200):

Bhora harina kubhururuka zvishoma pasi pemvura. Kumanikidzwa kwesystem kunosundira bhora pachigaro chepasi pemvura kuti riite chisimbiso.

Torque yekushanda yakaderera (semuenzaniso, ≤50N·m yekuverenga kweDN100 paAPI 6D).

Muganho: Inowanzo takura chigaro zvakanyanya uye inogona "kuvharika" kana yamanikidzwa zvakanyanya; kazhinji inogumira paPN40 (Class 300) ratings.

Mavharuvhu Ebhora Akaiswa Trunnion (Ekudzvanywa Kwakanyanya & Kuboora Kwakakura):

Bhora rakanamirwa pamabheringi etrunnion. Zvigaro zvakazadzwa nechitubu uye zvakamanikidzwa pabhora.

Inopa chisimbiso chakavimbika zvikuru, torque yekushanda yakaderera zvakanyanya (kunyanya kune saizi hombe), uye yakakodzera kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (PN100 / Kirasi 600 zvichikwira).

Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Mapaipi emafuta negesi akakosha (semuenzaniso, mavharuvhu eDN300 trunnion akaongororwa e10MPa anoshandiswa mumapurojekiti makuru senge West-East Gas Pipeline).

Mabhora eVharuvhu ari muMavharuvhu eMabhora Akagarwa neSimbi vs. Mavharuvhu Akapfava

Sarudzo yezvinhu zvebhora uye kurapwa kwepamusoro zvakabatana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwechigaro:

Mavharuvhu Akapfava:

Kazhinji shandisa mabhora esimbi isingatsvi (304/316). Chigaro chakapfava chinoenderana zviri nyore nepamusoro pebhora.

Mavharuvhu Ane Zvigaro zveSimbi:

Zvinoda mabhora akaomeswa (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nepamagadziko akaomarara seStellite kana WC) kuti agone kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kukweshwa pachigaro chesimbi chakasimba chakafanana. Kuenzanisa kwakanyatsonaka kwenzvimbo yacho kwakakosha.

Kuenzanisa Data reKushandiswa kweIndasitiri

Kugadzirisa: Zviratidzo zveYambiro yeKukuvadzwa kweBhora

Kudzika kweKukwenya >0.1mm:

Zvinoratidza kukuvara kukuru pamusoro pechinhu kuchikanganisa kuvharwa kwechinhu; kutsiva bhora kwakakosha (sekutungamirirwa kweASME B16.34).

Kuwedzera kweTorque yekushanda >20%:

Zvinoratidza kuoma/kukanganisika kwechigaro, kukweshana kwakanyanya, kana kuti bhora rinoda kuongororwa.

Mhedziso: Denga reKushanda

Dhizaini, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, uye kunyatsogadzirwa kwebhora revharuvhu zvinonyatsotsanangura miganhu yekushanda ("denga") revharuvhu chero ripi zvaro. Kubva pakusarudza alloy yakakodzera uye coating kusvika pakuibatanidza nesystem chaiyo yekuvhara, nhanho yega yega inofanirwa kuenzaniswa zvakanaka nemamiriro chaiwo ebasa. Kunyangwe kutsauka kudiki mumhando yebhora kana kuenderana kunogona kutungamira kukundikana kwevharuvhu nguva isati yakwana. Kuisa mari mumabhora evharuvhu akasimba kwakakosha pakuchengetedza, kuvimbika, uye kugara kwenguva refu mukushandiswa kwakaoma.