Chii chinonzi SDV Valve: Muchengeti weKuchengetedzwa kweMaindasitiri

Gwaro Rinokosha remavharuvhu eSDV: Kuchengetedza Maitiro Akakosha Eindasitiri

Munyika ine matambudziko makuru emafuta negasi, makemikari epetrochemical, kugadzira magetsi, uye mamwe maindasitiri ekugadzira zvinhu, kuchengetedzeka hakusi chinhu chinongodiwa chete; chinhu chakakosha chose. Pamwoyo wekuchengetedza vashandi, midziyo, uye nharaunda kubva kunjodzi dzakadai semoto, kuputika, kana kuburitswa kwechepfu pane mudziyo wakakosha:Vharuvhu Yekudzima (SDV), inowanzonziwoVharuvhu Yekudzima Yekukurumidza (ESDV)Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi SDV valve, uye nei ichikosha kudaro?

An Vharuvhu yeSDV (Vharuvhu Yekudzima)ivharuvhu ye otomatiki yakagadzirwa uye yakasimbiswa yakabatanidzwa muSisitimu Yezvishandiso Zvekuchengetedza (SIS)Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekukurumidzisa uye nekuvimbika kuparadzanisa chikamu chemapombi kana michina kana yagamuchira chiratidzo kubva kuSIS, zvichikonzerwa nekuonekwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi (semuenzaniso, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira, kudonha kwegasi, moto, kutadza kwemidziyo). Kuparadzanisa uku nekukurumidza kunodzivirira kuwedzera kwechiitiko ichi nekumisa kuyerera kwemvura ine njodzi (mvura, magasi, kana multiphase).

Zvinoreva SDV Valve: Kupfuura Chidimbu

Vharuvhu yeSDV Yakazara Fomu

Fomu rakazara reSDiriVharuvhu YekudzimaZita iri rinotsanangura basa raro guru: kudzima kuyerera kwemvura mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi.ESDV (Emergency Shutdown Valve)kanaVharuvhu Yekudzivirira Kuchengetedzeka (SSV)anowanzo shandiswa zvakafanana, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwekushanda kwawo "kwenjodzi" kana "kuchengetedzeka".

Chinangwa Chayo Chekutanga uye Zvinoreva

Zvinorehwa nevharuvhu yeSDV zvinopfuura zvikamu zvayo zvemuchina. Inomiririra:

* Mutsetse Wokupedzisira weKudzivirira:Kana maitirwo ekutanga ekugadzirisa zvinhu akakundikana, SDV inoshanda.

* Kuderedza Njodzi:Zvinoderedza zvakananga migumisiro yechiitiko chine njodzi.

* Mutemo weKuvimbika:Kukundikana hakusi sarudzo. MaSDV anofanirwa kushanda kana achidiwa, nguva dzese.

* Chiito Chega:Kupindira kwevanhu kunononoka; maSDV anoita basa mukati memasekonzi kana kunyange mamilisekonzi.

* Kubatanidzwa kweSisitimu:Haisi mudziyo wega asi chinhu chakakosha mukati meSIS yakabvumidzwa (IEC 61511 / ISA 84.01).

Vharuvhu yeSDV Inoshanda Sei? Chinongedzo cheSafety Instrumented System (SIS)

SDV haishande yoga. Ndiyo chinhu chekupedzisira chiri mukati meBasa reZvishandiso zveKuchengetedza (SIF), chikamu chezvakafaraSISHeino kurongeka kwakajairika:

1. Kuongororwa kweNjodzi:MaSensor (semuenzaniso, ma "pressure transmitters", ma "tembiricha sensors", ma "gas detectors", ma "flame detectors") anotarisa mamiriro ekushanda kwe "pressure transmitters".

2. Kugadziriswa kweLogic:Mutongi weSafety Instrumented System (SIS) (seSafety PLC) anogara achiongorora ma sensor inputs zvichienderana nemiganhu yakachengetedzwa yakatarwa.

3. Chiratidzo cheRwendo:Kana mamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi akasimbiswa, muchina weSIS unotumira chiratidzo cherwendo kuactuator yevharuvhu yeSDV.

4. Chiito cheVharuvhu:Chishandiso cheSDV chinokurumidza kufambisa vharuvhu kuenda panzvimbo yayo yakatarwa (kazhinji Fail-Closed - FC, asi dzimwe nguva Fail-Open - FO kana Fail-in-Place - FL). Izvi zvinoparadzanisa kuyerera kwemvura ine njodzi.

5. Kuparadzaniswa Kwemaitiro:Nzira yekuyerera kwemvura inochekwa, zvichiita kuti njodzi isapararire kana kupararira.

Simba: SDV Valve Actuators

Chinogadzirisa magetsi ndicho chinoshandura chiratidzo chemagetsi kana chepneumatic cheSIS kuita simba remakanika rinodiwa kuti chifambise vharuvhu/bhora/dhisiki nekukurumidza uye zvakavimbika. MaSDV actuators ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana:

* Kumhanya Kwakanyanya:Inofanira kutamisa vharuvhu panzvimbo yayo isina njodzi mukati menguva yakatarwa (kazhinji masekondi 2-10 kune mavharuvhu makuru).

* Kuvimbika Kwakanyanya uye Kuwanikwa Kwazvo:Yakagadzirirwa kushanda nguva nenguva asi yakakosha zvikuru. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwakajairika.

* Kushanda Kwakachengeteka:Inofanira kutamira panzvimbo yakachengeteka *isingade* simba rekunze (semuenzaniso, kana mweya wapera, magetsi, kana chiratidzo chapera). Izvi zvakakosha.

* Torque/Thrust Yakakwana:Inofanira kukunda masimba ekushanda (kumanikidzwa, kuyerera) uye kukweshana kuti vharuvhu igare zvakanaka, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa.

Mhando dzeSDV Actuator dzakajairika

1. Zvishandiso zvePneumatic Zvinodzoka Muchirimo:Rudzi rwakajairika rweSDV.

* Mashandiro:Mhepo ine pressure inochengetedza vharuvhu *pachitubu* chine simba chiri panzvimbo yaro yekushanda. Pachiratidzo chekushaikwa kwemhepo (kurasikirwa nemhepo kana SIS command), mhepo inoburitswa nekukurumidza, uye chitubu chinofambisa vharuvhu nesimba kuenda panzvimbo yaro isina njodzi (kazhinji yakavharwa).

* Zvakanakira:Tekinoroji yakasimbiswa, yakachengeteka zvachose, inokurumidza, uye ine simba guru rekubudisa.

* Zvakashata:Inoda mhepo yemidziyo uye mhepo yakachena, yakaoma.

2. Zvishandiso zveHydraulic Zvinodzosa Mvura Nekudzokera Kwemvura:

* Mashandiro:Nheyo yakafanana neyepneumatic, asi inoshandisa hydraulic fluid pasi pekumanikidzwa kubata vharuvhu yakavhurika/yakavharwa pazvitubu. Kurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa kwe hydraulic kana chiratidzo chekukwira kunoburitsa mvura, zvichiita kuti zvitubu zvifambise vharuvhu kuti isashande zvakanaka.

* Zvakanakira:Simba guru kupfuura simba remhepo remavharuvhu makuru kwazvo, rakakodzera nzvimbo dziri kure dzisina mhepo.

* Zvakashata:Zvakanyanya kuoma, zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura inoyerera ne hydraulic, zvinoda hydraulic power unit.

3. Masisitimu eKuunganidza Hydraulic:Inowanzo shandiswa nemavharuvhu makuru anoda simba guru.

* Mashandiro:Mvura inoyerera ine simba guru inochengetwa muma accumulator inoburitswa kuti ipe simba ku actuator nekukurumidza kana ichidiwa. Zvitubu kana simba regiravhiti zvinogona kubatsira. Sisitimu iyi inochengetwa ichichajwa nemapombi.

* Zvakanakira:Simba rakawanda uye kumhanya kwakanyanya kune zvakakosha zvema "large-bore".

* Zvakashata:Zvinodiwa zvakaoma, mari, uye kugadzirisa.

MOV vs. SDV Valve: Kunzwisisa Musiyano Wakakosha

Chinhu chinowanzo vhiringika ndechekutiMavharuvhu Anoshandiswa Nemota (MOVs)zvinopesanaMaSDVKunyange zvazvo ese ari maviri achigona kuva mavharuvhu anongoerekana ashanda, mabasa avo nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvachose:

* Chinhu Chinokosha Chekudzidza:MaMOV ndee *kutonga*. MaSDV ndee *kuchengetedza*. MOV kazhinji HAIKODZERI seSDV kunze kwekunge yakagadzirwa, yakapihwa chitupa, uye yakabatanidzwa sechikamu cheSIS (izvo zvisingawanzoitiki nekuda kwekumhanya uye miganhu yekukundikana kwemamota emagetsi). Kushandisa MOV isina chitupa pamabasa ekuchengetedza injodzi huru.

Mavharuvhu eSDV neBDV: Vabatsiri muDziviriro

Imwe vharuvhu inowanzotaurwa pamwe chete neSDVs ndeyeVharuvhu Yekuvhuvhuta (BDV)Kunyange zvazvo ese ari mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza mukati meSIS, anoshanda zvakasiyana, dzimwe nguva achibatsirana, zvinangwa:

* SDV (Vharuvhu Yekudzima):Inotarisa pakupatsanura kuyerera kwemvura. "Rega kuyerera kwemvura kupinde." Basa rayo nderekuvhara chikamu.

* BDV (Blowdown Valve):Inotarisa pakudzora kushushikana uye kuburitsa mweya. "Rasa zvakachengeteka zvinhu zviripo." Basa rayo nderekuburitsa mvura ine simba (gasi kana mvura) nekukurumidza kubva mumidziyo kana kuibvisa *mushure* kana dzimwe nguva *panguva* yekuibvisa kuenda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka (flare, vent stack, closed system).

Mashandiro Avanoita Pamwe Chete:

1. Panowanikwa njodzi (semuenzaniso, moto pacompressor yegesi).

2. MaSDV anovharakumusoro nekudzika kwerwizi, zvichiparadzanisa chikamu checompressor.

3. MaBDV akavhurika, ichiburitsa gasi rine simba rakawanda rakavharirwa mukati mechikamu chakaparadzaniswa kuenda kuhurongwa hwekupfuta, zvichideredza kumanikidzwa uye mutoro wemoto.

4. Kubatana uku kunobvisa njodzi *uye* kunoderedza simba rinouya nayo.

Saizi yeVharuvhu yeSDV: Maitiro uye Zvinhu Zvinoita Kuti Sarudzo Ive Yakanaka

Mavharuvhu eSDV anouya muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nepaipi kana nozzle yemidziyo yaanofanira kukwana. Zviyero zvinoenzana, zvinonyanya kudzorwa ne:

* ASME B16.10:Zviyero zveMavharuvhu eFerrous (Gedhi reCovers, globe, cheki, nezvimwewo).

* ASME B16.5:Mapaipi eFlanges neFlanged Fittings (Anorayira zviyero zveflange uye ratings - Kirasi 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500).

* API 6D / API 6DSS:Tsanangudzo yeMavharuvhu eMapaipi neMapombi (Bhora, Cheki, Gedhi, Puragi) / Subsea. Chiyero chikuru cheSDVs mumapaipi emafuta negasi, chinosanganisira dhizaini, zvinhu, kuyedzwa, uye saizi.

* Magadzirirwo emugadziri:Kunyangwe zvichitevedza mitemo, magadzirirwo chaiwo emavharuvhu (kunyanya nema actuator) achava nemakatalogu akasiyana ane mativi akasiyana.

Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvekufunga NezveSDV:

* Saizi yePombi Yezita (NPS):Saizi yepombi iyo vharuvhu inobatanidza nayo (semuenzaniso, 2″, 4″, 12″, 24″, 36″+).

* Kirasi Yekumanikidzwa (ASME Rating):Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwakagadzirirwa vharuvhu (semuenzaniso, Kirasi 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500).

* Kutarisana Nechiso (F2F) Chiyero:Kureba kuri pakati pemugero wekupinda neflange yekubuditsa. Zvakakosha pakugadzira mapaipi uye nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa.

* Kuboorera Flange:Patani yegomba, saizi, uye nhamba zvichienderana neASME B16.5 yeNPS chaiyo neKirasi.

* Zviyero zveActuator:Chinofambisa magetsi (kunyanya magadzirirwo emvura pachitubu pamavharuvhu makuru) chinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwese (kureba, upamhi, kureba). Nzvimbo yekufambisa uye yekugadzirisa chinofambisa magetsi yakakosha.

* Kuguma Kwekubatana:Flanged (RF, RTJ), Butt Weld (BW), Socket Weld (SW), Threaded. Flanged inonyanya kushandiswa paSDVs ​​kuti zvive nyore kuisa nekugadzirisa.

* Kurema:MaSDV makuru ane ma actuator anogona kurema matani akati wandei. Rutsigiro rwechivakwa uye zvinodiwa pakubata zvinhu zvakakosha.

Mukati meSecurity Sentinel: Zvikamu Zvikuru zveVharuvhu yeSDV

Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvikuru kunobatsira kunzwisisa dhizaini uye kugadziriswa kweSDV:

1. Muviri weVharuvhu:Chigadziko chikuru chine kumanikidzwa, chine zvinhu zvemukati. Zvinhu (simbi yekabhoni, simbi isingasvibi, alloy) zvinosarudzwa kuti zvienderane nekumanikidzwa, tembiricha, uye mvura. Migumo yakaputirwa kana kuti yakasungirirwa.

2. Bhoneti:Chivharo chinosungirirwa pabhaudhi, zvichiita kuti muviri upinde mukati uye chivhare. Kazhinji chinosanganisira kuputira/kuvhara tsinde.

3. Kucheka:Zvinhu zvemukati zvinosangana nemvura inodzora kuyerera kwemvura:

* Chigaro:Kuvhara nhengo dzekubatana pamusoro pechisimbiso.

* Nhengo Yekuvharwa:Chikamu chinofamba kuti chivhare kuyerera (Bhora, Gedhi, Dhisiki, Puragi).

* Hunde:Mugodhi unobatanidza actuator kune nhengo yekuvhara, uchitumira simba nekufamba. Nzvimbo yakakosha yekuvhara.

4. Mushandi wekugadzirisa:Sezvambotaurwa kare (Pneumatic/Hydraulic spring-return kana accumulator system). Inosungirirwa zvakananga pabhoneti/yoke yevharuvhu.

5. Positioner (Sarudzo - yekuyedzwa kwechikamu chestroke):Kunyange zvazvo maSDV achiwanzo vhurwa/kuvharwa zvizere, mamwe masisitimu anoshandisa partial stroke test (PST) positioners kuti aone kufamba pasina kufamba kwakazara.

6. Mavharuvhu eSolenoid (Akakosha):Mavharuvhu anodzorwa nemagetsi ari mumutsara wepneumatic/hydraulic supply kuenda kuactuator. Chiratidzo cheSIS trip chinowanzo bvisa simba rema solenoid aya, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwemhepo/hydraulic fluid nekukurumidza uye zvichiita kuti spring idzoke.

7. Maswichi emuganhu:Ipa mhinduro yemagetsi kuSIS/system yekudzora uchisimbisa nzvimbo yevharuvhu (Yakavhurika/Yakavharwa/Yakagumburwa).

8. Chiratidzo cheNzvimbo Yemunzvimbo:Chiyero chinoonekwa (kazhinji chiri pa actuator) chinoratidza nzvimbo yevharuvhu.

9. Joko:Chimiro chinobatanidza actuator nemuviri wevharuvhu uye chinotsigira tsinde.

10.Kurongedza/Zvisimbiso:Zvakakosha kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura inoyerera pahunde uye panhengo dzemuviri/bhoneti. Zvinhu zvinofanira kubata nemamiriro ezvinhu ekushanda kwemvura.

Kutaura Mutauro: Chiratidzo cheVharuvhu yeSDV

Pamusoro pemadhirowa einjiniya, kunyanyaMadhirama ePombi neZvishandiso (P&IDs), zviratidzo zvinokurumidza kuratidza rudzi rwevharuvhu uye mashandiro aro. Chiratidzo cheSDV chinosanganisa zvinhu:

1. Chiratidzo cheVharuvhu Yekutanga:Inomiririra rudzi rwevharuvhu:

* Vharuvhu yeBhora:Matatu matatu akanongedzera mukati, akabatana netambo.

* Vharuvhu yeGedhi:Chimiro chepakati pemitsetse miviri yakatwasuka.

* Vharuvhu yepuragi:Chimiro chedhaimani chiri pakati pemitsara miviri yakamira.

2. Chiratidzo cheActuator:Kune vane chirwere cheSDV, izvi zvakakosha:

* Asikweya(inomiririra actuator yepneumatic/hydraulic) inodhonzwa yakabatana nechiratidzo chevharuvhu.

* Mukati kana pedyo nechikwere,katatu kadikikunongedzera *kune* vharuvhu kunoratidzakudzoka kwechirimo.

* Kunongedzwa kwetriangle (kune chiratidzo chevharuvhu) kunoratidzachiito chisina njodzi:

* Triangle inonongedza pavharuvhu =Kukundikana Kwakavharwa (FC)

* Triangle inonongedza kure nevharuvhu =Kukundikana Kuvhura (FO)(Hazviwanzoitiki kune maSDV)

3. Kusarudzwa kweSIS:Kazhinji zvakanyorwa kuti “SDV”, “ESDV”, “SSV”, kana kuti zvakanyorwa nenhamba chaiyo yeSIF (semuenzaniso, XV-101).

4. Chiratidzo cheSolenoid:Dzimwe nguva denderedzwa diki rine bhii rekuti “S” (re solenoid) rinowedzerwa pedyo nechiratidzo che actuator.

Muenzaniso weChiratidzo (Vharuvhu yeBhora reSDV Yakavharika Yakakundikana):

|——| <– Chinobatidza (Sikweya)
| > | <– Chitubu Chekudzoka Triangle (inongedza mukati = Kukundikana Kwakavharwa)
|——|

|

/—–\

—-| O |—- <– Chiratidzo cheVharuvhu Yebhora (Madenderedzwa/Matatu)
\—–/

(Cherechedza: Zviratidzo zveP&ID chaizvo zvinosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nekambani, asi actuator yeSpring-Return ndiyo inonyanya kukosha SDV/ESDV identifier).

Kusarudza Chishandiso Chakakodzera: Mhando dzeVharuvhu dzeSDV

Rudzi rwevharuvhu rwakakodzera rwekushandisa SDV runoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei: kusimba kwekuvhara kunodiwa, kumhanya, kuderera kwesimba, hunhu hwemvura, saizi, uye mutengo. Mhando dzakajairika ndeidzi:

1. Mavharuvhu ebhora SDV:

* Mashandiro:Kutenderera kwekota (kutenderera kwemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe). Bhora rine bhora rinotenderera kuti rivhure/rivhare.

* Zvakanakira: Kukurumidza zvikurumashandiro (akanakira SDV speed), kuvharwa kwakanaka kwazvo kwebubble-tight (kwakakosha pakuparadzanisa), kudiwa kwe torque shoma (kwakanaka pahukuru hwe actuator), kuderedzwa kushoma kwekumanikidzwa kana kwavhurika, bhora rakazara riripo, kuvharwa kwemativi maviri. Mhando yeSDV inonyanya kuzivikanwa.

* Zvakashata:Hazvina kunaka pakukanda zvakanyanya (kukuvara kwecavitation), zvinogona kukuvara chigaro netsvina kana zvinhu zvakasimba.

* Zvakanakira:Mazhinji emasevhisi emagetsi, emvura, uye ekuchenesa anoda kudzima nekukurumidza. Mhando dzakasiyana dzehukuru/kumanikidzwa.

2. Mavharuvhu eGedhi SDV:

* Mashandiro:Kufamba kwemutsetse kwema "multi-turn linear" (kutenderera kwakawanda). Dhisiki re "wedge" kana kuti "parallel disc" rinotsvedza rakatarisa nzira yekuyerera kuti rivhurike/rivhare.

* Zvakanakira:Kuyerera kwakatwasuka, kuderera kwedzvinyiriro kwakaderera zvikuru kana yakavhurika zvizere, zvakanaka kune matope/zvinwiwa zvakasviba zvishoma (njodzi shoma yekukuvara kwechigaro pane mavharuvhu ebhora), kuvhara kunogoneka kumativi ese.

* Zvakashata:Kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma pane mavharuvhu ebhora (multi-turn vs quarter-turn), mukana wekukurwa kwechigaro/gedhi mukuyerera kwemhepo ine simba guru kana yakavhurika zvishoma, iri nyore kudonha nekufamba kwenguva zvichienzaniswa nemavharuvhu ebhora, inoda kusundidzirwa kwakawanda kweactuator.

* Zvakanakira:Mitsetse mikuru yebore uko kuderera kwepressure kwakakosha, masevhisi ekutsvedza, mashandisirwo uko kumhanya kusina kukosha kupfuura mune zvimwe zvikamu zvesystem. Hazviwanzoitiki kune maSDV emazuva ano semavharuvhu ebhora.

3. MaSDV eVharuvhu yePlug:

* Mashandiro:Kutenderera kwekota (90-degree kutenderera). Chivharo chakatetepa kana chesilinda chine chiteshi chinotenderera mukati memuviri.

* Zvakanakira:Dhizaini iri nyore, inokurumidza zvine mwero, inokwanisa kudzima zvinhu zvisina kuvharwa zvakanaka, inogona kubata tsvina zvakanaka, ine pombi yakazara.

* Zvakashata:Kushanda nesimba kwakanyanya kupfuura mavharuvhu ebhora (kunyanya kana ari makuru/akashanda zvakanyanya), mukana wekuti atsvedze (kubatana kwesimbi nesimbi), zvinodiwa pakuzora mafuta (kune mhando dzakazorwa mafuta).

* Zvakanakira:Zvinodiwa zvekumhanya zvine mwero, mabasa ekutsvedza, mitsetse midiki, mashandisirwo chaiwo apo dhizaini yemapulagi inobatsira. Hazviwanzoitiki semavharuvhu ebhora.

Pfupiso yeZvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvekusarudza

* Kumhanya: Bhora > Chivharo > Gedhi

* Kuvhara Kuvimbika: Bhora ≈ Chivharo > Gedhi

* Kudonha Kwekumanikidzwa (Kwakavhurika): Gedhi ≈ Bhora (Chiteshi Chizere) ≈ Puragi (Chiteshi Chizere) << Bhora/Puragi (Chiteshi Chishoma)

* Kubata Kwakasimba/Kutsvedza: Gedhi > Puragi > Bhora

* Simba reActuator/Torque: Gedhi (Kurovera Kwakakwirira) > Puragi > Bhora (Kazhinji Torque Yakaderera)

* Mutengo (Kazhinji): Bhora ≈ Gedhi > Puragi (Inoenderana nehukuru/zvinhu)

Mhedziso: Basa Risingakurukurwe reVharuvhu yeSDV

Vharuvhu Yekudzima (SDV kana ESDV) inopfuura kungova imwe vharuvhu iri mupombi. Ichinhu chekuchengetedza chakagadzirwa zvakanaka, chakaedzwa zvakasimba, uye chakabvumidzwa zvakanyanya, chinoshanda sechidziviriro chikuru chemuchina mukati meSafety Instrumented System. Kugona kwayo kuparadzanisa nekukurumidza uye zvakavimbika kuyerera kwemvura ine njodzi kana ichidiwa kwakakosha mukudzivirira njodzi dzinongoitika mumaindasitiri ane njodzi huru.

Kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva (Shutdown Valve), mashandiro ayo asina njodzi anotungamirwa nema actuator ane hunyanzvi (spring-return pneumatic/hydraulic), musiyano wayo wakajeka kubva kuma control valves akadai seMOVs, hukama hwayo neBDVs, saizi dzayo dzakajairwa uye zvikamu zvayo, chiratidzo chayo cheP&ID chakasiyana, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzema valves (kunyanya bhora, gedhi, plug) dzinoshandiswa mukuvaka kwayo zvakakosha kune mainjiniya, vanoishandisa, uye nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza.

Kusarudza, kuisa, kuyedza, uye kuchengetedza maSDV zvichienderana nemitemo yenyika dzakasimba (seIEC 61511, API 6D, API 6A) haisi tsika yakanaka chete; chinhu chikuru chinodiwa kuti mashandiro ashande zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, zvirimwa, nepasi. Vharuvhu yeSDV inomira semuchengeti akanyarara, akangwarira, akagadzirira kuita chimwe chinhu kana zvanyanya kudiwa nekuchengetedzwa.