Mashoko ekutanga:Vharuvhu yebhora yakabuda muma1950. Nekukura nekukurumidza kwesainzi netekinoroji, kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa tekinoroji yekugadzira uye chimiro chechigadzirwa, yakakurumidza kukura kuva mhando huru yevharuvhu mumakore makumi mashanu chete. Munyika dzakabudirira dzekumadokero, kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ebhora kuri kuwedzera gore negore.
Vharuvhu yebhora inonyanya kushandiswa kucheka, kugovera uye kushandura nzira yekuyerera kwechinhu chiri mupaipi. Inongoda kutenderedzwa nemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe uye torque diki inogona kuvharwa zvakasimba. Vharuvhu yebhora ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa seswitch uye vharuvhu yekudzima.
Sezvo vharuvhu yebhora ichiwanzoshandisa rabha, nayiloni uye polytetrafluoroethylene sezvinhu zvechisimbiso chechigaro, tembiricha yayo yekushanda inoganhurirwa nezvinhu zvechisimbiso chechigaro. Basa rekucheka vharuvhu yebhora rinoitwa nekudzvanya bhora resimbi pachigaro chevharuvhu yepurasitiki pasi pechiito chepakati (vharuvhu yebhora inoyangarara). Pasi pechiito chekumanikidzwa kwakati, rin'i yekuvhara chigaro chevharuvhu inoshanduka-shanduka munzvimbo dzemunharaunda. Kushanduka uku kunogona kutsiva kururama kwekugadzira uye kuomarara kwebhora, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti vharuvhu yebhora inoshanda zvakanaka.
Uye nekuti mhete yekuvhara chigaro chevharuvhu yebhora inowanzogadzirwa nepurasitiki, pakusarudza chimiro uye mashandiro evharuvhu yebhora, kuramba moto uye kuramba moto kwevharuvhu yebhora kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvako, kunyanya mumadhipatimendi epetroleum, makemikari, metallurgical nedzimwe nzvimbo, mumidziyo inobvira moto uye inoputika. Kana mavharuvhu ebhora achishandiswa mumidziyo uye masisitimu emapaipi, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kupihwa kune kuramba moto nekudzivirira moto.
Zvimiro zvevharuvhu yebhora
1. Inodzivirira kuyerera kwakanyanya (chaizvoizvo zero). 2. Haizonami kana ichishanda isina mafuta, saka inogona kuiswa zvakavimbika kune zvinokuvadza uye zvinwiwa zvine mwero wekufashaira zvishoma. 3. Inogona kuvharwa 100% muhuwandu hwekumanikidzwa nekupisa kwakanyanya. 4. Inogona kuvhura nekuvharwa nekukurumidza, uye nguva yekuvhura nekuvharwa kwezvimwe zvivakwa ingori 0.05 ~ 0.1s, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogona kushandiswa muhurongwa hwe automation hwebhenji rekuyera. Kana vharuvhu ikavhurwa nekuvharwa nekukurumidza, hapana kuvhunduka kuri kushanda. 5. Kuvhara kwedenderedzwa kunogona kuiswa otomatiki panzvimbo. 6. Nzvimbo yekushanda yakavharwa zvakavimbika kumativi ese. 7. Kana yakavhurwa zvizere uye yakavharwa zvizere, nzvimbo dzekuvhara dzebhora nechigaro chevharuvhu dzakaparadzaniswa nepakati, saka nzvimbo inopfuura nepakati pevharuvhu nekumhanya kwakanyanya haizokonzere kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo yekuvhara. 8. Nechimiro chakamanikana uye huremu hwakareruka, inogona kutariswa sechivakwa chevharuvhu chakakodzera system yepakati yekupisa yakaderera. 9. Muviri wevharuvhu wakaenzana, kunyanya kana chimiro chemuviri wevharuvhu chakasungirirwa, icho chinogona kutsungirira kushushikana kubva papombi. 10. Chidimbu chekuvhara chinogona kutsungirira musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya pakuvhara. 11. Vharuvhu yebhora ine muviri wevharuvhu wakasungirirwa zvakakwana inogona kuvigwa zvakananga muvhu, kuitira kuti mukati mevharuvhu isaputsike, uye hupenyu hwepamusoro hwebasa hugone kusvika makore makumi matatu. Ndiyo vharuvhu yakanakira mapaipi emafuta negasi rechisikigo.
Kushandiswa kwevharuvhu yebhora
Hunhu hwakawanda hwakasiyana hwemavharuvhu ebhora hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ebhora kwakafara. Kazhinji, mukugadzirisa nzvimbo mbiri, kushanda kwakasimba kwekuvhara, matope, kupera, nzira dzinodzikira, kuvhura nekukurumidza nekuvhara (1/4 yekuvhura nekuvhara), kudimbura kwesimba repamusoro (Mavharuvhu ebhora anokurudzirwa kune masisitimu emapaipi ane musiyano mukuru wekumanikidzwa), ruzha rwakaderera, cavitation uye gasification, kudonhedza mvura mumhepo, torque diki yekushanda, uye kuramba kushoma kwemvura.
Vharuvhu yebhora yakakodzerawo sisitimu yemapaipi ine chimiro chechiedza, kuchekwa kwepressure shoma (musiyano mudiki wekumanikidzwa) uye corrosive medium. Mavharuvhu ebhora anogonawo kushandiswa mukuisa cryogenic (cryogenic) uye masisitimu emapaipi. Musisitimu yemapaipi eokisijeni muindasitiri yesimbi, mavharuvhu ebhora akamborapwa zvakanyanya kubvisa mafuta anodiwa. Kana mutsetse mukuru uri mupaipi yemafuta nepaipi yegesi zvichida kuvigwa pasi pevhu, vharuvhu yebhora yakasungirirwa yakazara inofanira kushandiswa. Kana mashandiro ekugadzirisa achidikanwa, vharuvhu yebhora ine chimiro chakakosha chine kuvhurika kwakaita seV inofanira kusarudzwa. Mu petroleum, petrochemical, chemical, electric power, uye kuvaka kwemaguta, mavharuvhu ebhora esimbi-ku-metal anogona kusarudzwa kune masisitimu epaipi ane tembiricha yekushanda iri pamusoro pe200 degrees.
Nheyo yekushandisa yevharuvhu yebhora
Mitsetse mikuru yekufambisa mafuta negasi rechisikigo, mapaipi anoda kucheneswa, uye kuvigwa pasi pevhu, sarudza vharuvhu yebhora ine nzira dzese uye chimiro chakasungirirwa; yakavigwa muvhu, sarudza vharuvhu yebhora ine nzira dzese kana kubatana kweflange; pombi yebazi, sarudza kubatana kweflange, kubatana kwakasungirirwa, vharuvhu yebhora yakazara kana yakaderedzwa dhayamita. Mapaipi nezvishandiso zvekuchengetera mafuta akacheneswa zvinoshandisa mavharuvhu ebhora akacheneswa. Papombi yegesi negasi rechisikigo, vharuvhu yebhora inoyangarara ine flange yekubatanidza uye kubatana kweshinda yemukati inosarudzwa. Muhurongwa hwepayipi yeokisijeni muhurongwa hwesimbi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu yebhora yakagadziriswa yakamborapwa zvakanyanya uye yakasungirirwa. Muhurongwa hwepayipi uye mudziyo wepakati pekupisa kwakaderera, vharuvhu yebhora inodziya yakaderera ine chifukidziro chevharuvhu inofanira kusarudzwa. Pahurongwa hwepayipi yeyuniti yekupwanya yeyuniti yekuchenesa mafuta, vharuvhu yebhora yerudzi rwetsvimbo inosimudza inogona kusarudzwa. Mumidziyo nemasisitimu emapaipi emidziyo inoparadza yakaita seasidhi nealkali mumasisitimu emakemikari, mavharuvhu ese esimbi isina ngura akagadzirwa nesimbi isina ngura uye PTFE seringi yekuvhara chigaro chevharuvhu anofanira kusarudzwa. Mavharuvhu ebhora anovhara simbi kubva kusimbi kuenda kusimbi anogona kushandiswa mumasisitimu emapaipi kana michina yekupisa kwakanyanya mumasisitimu esimbi, masisitimu emagetsi, mafekitori epetrochemical, uye masisitimu ekupisa emaguta. Kana kuchidikanwa kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura, vharuvhu yebhora inodzorwa nehonye, inofambiswa nemhepo kana yemagetsi ine kuvhura kwakaumbwa neV inogona kusarudzwa.
Pfupiso:Kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ebhora kwakakura kwazvo, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwekushandiswa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye ari kukura akananga kusimba rakakwirira, tembiricha yakakwira, dhayamita hombe, kushanda kwekuvhara kwakanyanya, kurarama kwenguva refu, kushanda kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa uye mabasa akawanda evharuvhu rimwe chete. Kuvimbika kwaro nezvimwe. Zviratidzo zvekushanda zvasvika padanho repamusoro, uye zvakatsiva zvishoma mavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu epasi rose, uye mavharuvhu anotonga. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwemavharuvhu ebhora, achashandiswa zvakanyanya munguva pfupi iri kutevera, kunyanya mumapaipi emafuta negasi, macrackers mukuchenesa mafuta uye muindasitiri yenyukireya. Pamusoro pezvo, mavharuvhu ebhora achavawo rimwe remhando dzevharuvhu dzinotonga munzvimbo dze caliber hombe nepakati, kumanikidzwa kwepakati nepasi mune mamwe maindasitiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-01-2022